#ETFs

How leveraged and inverse ETFs behave beyond one day: compounding examples, volatility decay and financing costs, the SEC's 2x limit, and hedging options.

How preferred stock behaves in practice: rate and call math, where holders rank when a bank fails, which dividends get lower tax rates, and fund costs.

Index fund investing with 2026 data: how often active funds trail, S&P 500 vs. total market, fees and tax traps, lump sum vs. monthly, and rebalancing.

What factor investing is, what 100 years of Fama-French data show for each factor, the long droughts, how to size a factor tilt, and what it costs.

Commodity futures roll costs with a worked example, K-1 versus 1099 funds (DBC, PDBC, USO), gold ETF fees, and the 28% collectibles rate, as of September 2026.