#risk management

Where AI speeds up due diligence, how to measure what it misses with a simple sampling test, and the confidentiality and clean-team rules deal teams must keep.

CSRD now covers far fewer companies, SB 253 reports are due November 2026, and EU greenwashing rules apply from September 2026. Where AI fits in ESG work.

How compliance teams use AI for AML alert triage, regulatory change tracking, and control testing, and what the TD Bank case shows about monitoring gaps.

How leveraged and inverse ETFs behave beyond one day: compounding examples, volatility decay and financing costs, the SEC's 2x limit, and hedging options.

How Cboe builds the VIX, why VIX futures products lose value in contango (VXX is down 99% since 2018), the XIV collapse, and the volatility risk premium.

Risk parity explained with worked math: why 60/40 is about 90% stocks by risk, the leverage needed, and how RPAR fell 22.8% in 2022.

How merger arbitrage works: pricing a deal spread, the odds it implies, hedging stock deals, 2026 antitrust timelines, broken deals, taxes, and fund costs.

Rolling 10% out-of-the-money S&P 500 puts costs about 2.3% to 2.6% a year at 20% implied volatility. Cost math, collars, put spreads, and Cboe index data.

How interest rate gaps set forward prices for EUR/USD and USD/JPY, what HEFA and EFA returned, business hedging with forwards and options, and ASC 815 basics.

High-yield bonds with September 2026 data: tight spreads, default and recovery math, what ratings mean, callable bonds, funds vs. individual bonds, and taxes.

How M&A due diligence works: a worked quality of earnings and working capital example, contract and cyber checks, 2026 HSR rules, and escrows and RWI.

How to rebalance: what drift did to a 60/40 portfolio from 2022 to 2025, calendar vs. threshold rules, research on frequency, and tax-efficient methods.

How structured notes work: buffered, principal-protected, and autocallable payoffs, issuer credit risk, estimated value vs issue price, and tax treatment.

How creditor protection works in 2026: ERISA plans, the $1,711,975 bankruptcy IRA cap, homestead rules by state, DAPTs, charging orders, and look-back periods.

How cyber insurance works in 2026: first- and third-party coverage, underwriting controls, sublimits, war and system-failure wording, and worked claim math.

How reverse factoring and dynamic discounting work, the annualized cost of early-payment discounts, new disclosures, and where AI catches invoice fraud.

How AI changes insurance pricing and claims, with a worked telematics example, the NAIC bulletin, NY DFS Circular Letter 7, Colorado rules, and EU AI Act dates.

How to build AI governance that scales with risk: inventory, risk tiers, controls per tier, and EU AI Act dates after the 2026 Digital Omnibus.

What CSPM tools check and miss, how AWS, Azure, and Google changed their posture tools in 2025 and 2026, and how to rank findings by real exposure.

Reported US fraud losses hit a record $15.9B in 2025. How fraud models work, how to set decline thresholds with cost math, and why scams need other defenses.

How the main options strategies work, with worked numbers: the Greeks, covered calls, put spreads, and IV crush, plus 2026 rule changes, taxes, and costs.